diff options
| author | Albrecht Schlosser <albrechts.fltk@online.de> | 2008-09-13 15:55:32 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Albrecht Schlosser <albrechts.fltk@online.de> | 2008-09-13 15:55:32 +0000 |
| commit | 8416a4012ecb985d150fad566659cf59ee1dc3aa (patch) | |
| tree | a0b52461eeeaf926de99392145c087e96f6c36e1 /documentation/intro.dox | |
| parent | 054d25081a74d504eb38042ffbd9acf70be4de1d (diff) | |
Doxygen documentation - WP12 and WP13 - first step.
Converted the descriptive chapters of the html docs to doxygen format
and modified index.dox accordingly.
This checkin includes only trivial reformatting, no major rewriting.
Added a chapter "Migrating Code from FLTK 1.1 to 1.3".
All links on the main page are working now.
Todo:
- Check doxygen error messages, rewrite pages (html tags, contents).
- Fill the new "Migrating..." chapter.
git-svn-id: file:///fltk/svn/fltk/branches/branch-1.3@6224 ea41ed52-d2ee-0310-a9c1-e6b18d33e121
Diffstat (limited to 'documentation/intro.dox')
| -rw-r--r-- | documentation/intro.dox | 367 |
1 files changed, 367 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/documentation/intro.dox b/documentation/intro.dox new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cdfb9b9f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/documentation/intro.dox @@ -0,0 +1,367 @@ +/** + + \page intro 1 - Introduction to FLTK + +<P>The Fast Light Tool Kit ("FLTK", pronounced +"fulltick") is a cross-platform C++ GUI toolkit for +UNIX®/Linux® (X11), Microsoft® Windows®, and +MacOS® X. FLTK provides modern GUI functionality without the +bloat and supports 3D graphics via OpenGL® and its built-in +GLUT emulation. It was originally developed by Mr. Bill Spitzak +and is currently maintained by a small group of developers +across the world with a central repository in the US.</P> + +<H2>History of FLTK</H2> + +<P>It has always been Bill's belief that the GUI API of all +modern systems is much too high level. Toolkits (even FLTK) are +<I>not</I> what should be provided and documented as part of an +operating system. The system only has to provide arbitrary +shaped but featureless windows, a powerful set of graphics +drawing calls, and a simple <I>unalterable</I> method of +delivering events to the owners of the windows. NeXT (if you +ignored NextStep) provided this, but they chose to hide it and +tried to push their own baroque toolkit instead.</P> + +<P>Many of the ideas in FLTK were developed on a NeXT (but +<I>not</I> using NextStep) in 1987 in a C toolkit Bill called +"views". Here he came up with passing events downward +in the tree and having the handle routine return a value +indicating whether it used the event, and the table-driven menus. In +general he was trying to prove that complex UI ideas could be +entirely implemented in a user space toolkit, with no knowledge +or support by the system.</P> + +<P>After going to film school for a few years, Bill worked at +Sun Microsystems on the (doomed) NeWS project. Here he found an +even better and cleaner windowing system, and he reimplemented +"views" atop that. NeWS did have an unnecessarily +complex method of delivering events which hurt it. But the +designers did admit that perhaps the user could write just as +good of a button as they could, and officially exposed the lower +level interface.</P> + +<P>With the death of NeWS Bill realized that he would have to +live with X. The biggest problem with X is the "window +manager", which means that the toolkit can no longer +control the window borders or drag the window around.</P> + +<P>At Digital Domain Bill discovered another toolkit, +"Forms". Forms was similar to his work, but provided +many more widgets, since it was used in many real applications, +rather then as theoretical work. He decided to use Forms, except +he integrated his table-driven menus into it. Several very large +programs were created using this version of Forms.</P> + +<P>The need to switch to OpenGL and GLX, portability, and a +desire to use C++ subclassing required a rewrite of Forms. +This produced the first version of FLTK. The conversion to C++ +required so many changes it made it impossible to recompile any +Forms objects. Since it was incompatible anyway, Bill decided +to incorporate his older ideas as much as possible by +simplifying the lower level interface and the event passing +mechanisim.</P> + +<P>Bill received permission to release it for free on the +Internet, with the GNU general public license. Response from +Internet users indicated that the Linux market dwarfed the SGI +and high-speed GL market, so he rewrote it to use X for all +drawing, greatly speeding it up on these machines. That is the +version you have now.</P> + +<P>Digital Domain has since withdrawn support for FLTK. While +Bill is no longer able to actively develop it, he still +contributes to FLTK in his free time and is a part of the FLTK +development team.</P> + +<H2>Features</H2> + +<P>FLTK was designed to be statically linked. This was done by +splitting it into many small objects and designing it so that +functions that are not used do not have pointers to them in the +parts that are used, and thus do not get linked in. This allows +you to make an easy-to-install program or to modify FLTK to +the exact requirements of your application without worrying +about bloat. FLTK works fine as a shared library, though, and +is now included with several Linux distributions.</P> + +<P>Here are some of the core features unique to FLTK:</P> + +<UL> + + <LI>sizeof(Fl_Widget) == 64 to 92.</LI> + + <LI>The "core" (the "hello" program + compiled & linked with a static FLTK library using + gcc on a 486 and then stripped) is 114K.</LI> + + <LI>The FLUID program (which includes every widget) is + 538k.</LI> + + <LI>Written directly atop core libraries (Xlib, WIN32 or + Carbon) for maximum speed, and carefully optimized for + code size and performance.</LI> + + <LI>Precise low-level compatability between the X11, + WIN32 and MacOS versions - only about 10% of the code is + different.</LI> + + <LI>Interactive user interface builder program. Output is + human-readable and editable C++ source code.</LI> + + <LI>Support for overlay hardware, with emulation if none + is available.</LI> + + <LI>Very small & fast portable 2-D drawing library + to hide Xlib, WIN32, or QuickDraw.</LI> + + <LI>OpenGL/Mesa drawing area widget.</LI> + + <LI>Support for OpenGL overlay hardware on both X11 and + WIN32, with emulation if none is available.</LI> + + <LI>Text widgets with Emacs key bindings, X cut & + paste, and foreign letter compose!</LI> + + <LI>Compatibility header file for the GLUT library.</LI> + + <LI>Compatibility header file for the XForms library.</LI> + +</UL> + +<H2>Licensing</H2> + +<P>FLTK comes with complete free source code. FLTK is available +under the terms of the <A href="license.html">GNU Library +General Public License</A> with exceptions that allow for static +linking. Contrary to popular belief, it can be used in +commercial software - even Bill Gates could use it!</P> + +<H2>What Does "FLTK" Mean?</H2> + +<P>FLTK was originally designed to be compatible with the Forms +Library written for SGI machines. In that library all the +functions and structures started with "fl_". This +naming was extended to all new methods and widgets in the C++ +library, and this prefix was taken as the name of the library. +It is almost impossible to search for "FL" on the +Internet, due to the fact that it is also the abbreviation for +Florida. After much debating and searching for a new name for +the toolkit, which was already in use by several people, Bill +came up with "FLTK", including a bogus excuse that it +stands for "The Fast Light Toolkit".</P> + +<H2>Building and Installing FLTK Under UNIX and MacOS X</H2> + +<P>In most cases you can just type "make". This will +run configure with the default of no options and then compile +everything.</P> + +<P>FLTK uses GNU autoconf to configure itself for your UNIX +platform. The main things that the configure script will look +for are the X11 and OpenGL (or Mesa) header and library files. +If these cannot be found in the standard include/library +locations you'll need to define the <tt>CFLAGS</tt>, +<tt>CXXFLAGS</tt>, and <tt>LDFLAGS</tt> environment variables. +For the Bourne and Korn shells you'd use:</P> + +<UL><PRE> +CFLAGS=-I<I>includedir</I>; export CFLAGS +CXXFLAGS=-I<I>includedir</I>; export CXXFLAGS +LDFLAGS=-L<I>libdir</I>; export LDFLAGS +</PRE></UL> + +<P>For C shell and tcsh, use:</P> + +<UL><PRE> +setenv CFLAGS "-I<I>includedir</I>" +setenv CXXFLAGS "-I<I>includedir</I>" +setenv LDFLAGS "-L<I>libdir</I>" +</PRE></UL> + +<P>By default configure will look for a C++ compiler named +<tt>CC</tt>, <tt>c++</tt>, <tt>g++</tt>, or <tt>gcc</tt> in that +order. To use another compiler you need to set the <tt>CXX</tt> +environment variable:</P> + +<UL><PRE> +CXX=xlC; export CXX +setenv CXX "xlC" +</PRE></UL> + +<P>The <tt>CC</tt> environment variable can also be used to +override the default C compiler (<tt>cc</tt> or <tt>gcc</tt>), +which is used for a few FLTK source files.</P> + +<P>You can run configure yourself to get the exact setup you +need. Type "./configure <options>", where +options are:</P> + +<DL> + + <DT>--enable-cygwin</DT> + <DD>Enable the Cygwin libraries under WIN32</DD> + + <DT>--enable-debug</DT> + <DD>Enable debugging code & symbols</DD> + + <DT>--disable-gl</DT> + <DD>Disable OpenGL support</DD> + + <DT>--enable-shared</DT> + <DD>Enable generation of shared libraries</DD> + + <DT>--enable-threads</DT> + <DD>Enable multithreading support</DD> + + <DT>--enable-xdbe</DT> + <DD>Enable the X double-buffer extension</DD> + + <DT>--enable-xft</DT> + <DD>Enable the Xft library for anti-aliased fonts under X11</DD> + + <DT>--bindir=/path</DT> + <DD>Set the location for executables [default = $prefix/bin]</DD> + + <DT>--datadir=/path</DT> + <DD>Set the location for data files. [default = $prefix/share]</DD> + + <DT>--libdir=/path</DT> + <DD>Set the location for libraries [default = $prefix/lib]</DD> + + <DT>--includedir=/path</DT> + <DD>Set the location for include files. [default = $prefix/include]</DD> + + <DT>--mandir=/path</DT> + <DD>Set the location for man pages. [default = $prefix/man]</DD> + + <DT>--prefix=/dir</DT> + <DD>Set the directory prefix for files [default = /usr/local]</DD> + +</DL> + +<P>When the configure script is done you can just run the +"make" command. This will build the library, FLUID +tool, and all of the test programs.</P> + +<P>To install the library, become root and type "make +install". This will copy the "fluid" executable +to "bindir", the header files to +"includedir", and the library files to +"libdir".</P> + +<H2>Building FLTK Under Microsoft Windows</H2> + +<P>There are three ways to build FLTK under Microsoft Windows. +The first is to use the Visual C++ 5.0 project files under the +"visualc" directory. Just open (or double-click on) +the "fltk.dsw" file to get the whole shebang.</P> + +<P>The second method is to use the <TT>configure</TT> script +included with the FLTK software; this has only been tested with +the CygWin tools:</P> + +<UL><PRE> +sh configure --prefix=C:/FLTK +make +</PRE></UL> + +<P>The final method is to use a GNU-based development tool with +the files in the "makefiles" directory. To build +using one of these tools simply copy the appropriate +makeinclude and config files to the main directory and do a +make:</P> + +<UL><PRE> +copy makefiles\Makefile.<env> Makefile +make +</PRE></UL> + +<H3>Using the Visual C++ DLL Library</H3> + +<P>The "fltkdll.dsp" project file builds a DLL-version +of the FLTK library. Because of name mangling differences +between PC compilers (even between different versions of Visual +C++!) you can only use the DLL that is generated with the same +version compiler that you built it with.</P> + +<P>When compiling an application or DLL that uses the FLTK DLL, +you will need to define the <tt>FL_DLL</tt> preprocessor symbol +to get the correct linkage commands embedded within the FLTK +header files.</P> + +<H2>Building FLTK Under OS/2</H2> + +<P>The current OS/2 build requires XFree86 for OS/2 to work. A +native Presentation Manager version has not been implemented +yet (volunteers are welcome!).</P> + +<p>The current set of Makefiles/configuration failes assumes that +EMX 0.9d and libExt +(from <A HREF="http://posix2.sourceforge.net">posix2.sourceforge.net</A>) +is installed. + +<P>To build the XFree86 version of FLTK for OS/2, copy the appropriate +makeinclude and config files to the main directory and do a make: </P> + +<UL><PRE> +copy makefiles\Makefile.os2x Makefile +make +</PRE></UL> + +<H2>Internet Resources</H2> + +<P>FLTK is available on the 'net in a bunch of locations:</P> + +<DL> + + <DT>WWW + <DD><A href="http://www.fltk.org/">http://www.fltk.org/</A> + <DD><A href="http://www.fltk.org/str.php">http://www.fltk.org/str.php</A> + [for reporting bugs] + <DD><A href="http://www.fltk.org/software.php">http://www.fltk.org/software.php</A> + [source code] + + <DT>FTP + <DD><A HREF="ftp://ftp.fltk.org/pub/fltk">California, USA (ftp.fltk.org)</A> + <DD><A HREF="ftp://ftp2.fltk.org/pub/fltk">Maryland, USA (ftp2.fltk.org)</A> + <DD><A HREF="ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/mirrors/ftp.fltk.org/pub/fltk">Espoo, Finland (ftp.funet.fi)</A> + <DD><A HREF="ftp://linux.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de/pub/linux/mirrors/misc/fltk">Germany (linux.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de)</A> + <DD><A HREF="ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/hci/fltk">Austria (gd.tuwien.ac.at)</A> + + <DT>EMail</DT> + <DD><A href="mailto:fltk@fltk.org">fltk@fltk.org</A> [see + instructions below] + <DD><A href="mailto:fltk-bugs@fltk.org">fltk-bugs@fltk.org</A> [for + reporting bugs] + + <DT>NNTP Newsgroups</DT> + <DD>news.easysw.com</DD> + +</DL> + +<P>To send a message to the FLTK mailing list +("fltk@fltk.org") you must first join the list. +Non-member submissions are blocked to avoid problems with +unsolicited email.</P> + +<P>To join the FLTK mailing list, send a message to +"majordomo@fltk.org" with "subscribe fltk" +in the message body. A digest of this list is available by +subscribing to the "fltk-digest" mailing list.</P> + +<H2>Reporting Bugs</H2> + +<P>To report a bug in FLTK, send an email to +"fltk-bugs@fltk.org". Please include the FLTK version, +operating system & version, and compiler that you are using +when describing the bug or problem. We will be unable to provide +any kind of help without that basic information.</P> + +<P>Bugs can also be reported to the "fltk.bugs" newsgroup or on the +SourceForge bug tracker pages.</P> + +<P>For general support and questions, please use the FLTK mailing list +at "fltk@fltk.org" or one of the newsgroups.</P> + +*/ |
