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authorFabien Costantini <fabien@onepost.net>2008-10-17 11:22:35 +0000
committerFabien Costantini <fabien@onepost.net>2008-10-17 11:22:35 +0000
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treefe4abf458740c57202eff0656b6c0427d21aa401 /documentation/src/common.dox
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-/**
-
- \page common 3 - Common Widgets and Attributes
-
-This chapter describes many of the widgets that are provided
-with FLTK and covers how to query and set the standard
-attributes.
-
-\section common_buttons Buttons
-
-FLTK provides many types of buttons:
-
-\li Fl_Button - A standard push button.
-
-\li Fl_Check_Button - A button with a check box.
-
-\li Fl_Light_Button - A push button with a light.
-
-\li Fl_Repeat_Button - A push button that repeats when held.
-
-\li Fl_Return_Button - A push button that is activated by the
- <KBD>Enter</KBD> key.
-
-\li Fl_Round_Button - A button with a radio circle.
-
-\image html buttons.gif "Figure 3-1: FLTK Button Widgets"
-\image latex buttons.eps "FLTK Button Widgets" width=10cm
-All of these buttons just need the corresponding
-<tt><FL/Fl_xyz_Button.H></tt> header file. The constructor
-takes the bounding box of the button and optionally a label
-string:
-
-\code
-Fl_Button *button = new Fl_Button(x, y, width, height, "label");
-Fl_Light_Button *lbutton = new Fl_Light_Button(x, y, width, height);
-Fl_Round_Button *rbutton = new Fl_Round_Button(x, y, width, height, "label");
-\endcode
-
-Each button has an associated <tt>type()</tt> which allows
-it to behave as a push button, toggle button, or radio button:
-
-\code
-button->type(FL_NORMAL_BUTTON);
-lbutton->type(FL_TOGGLE_BUTTON);
-rbutton->type(FL_RADIO_BUTTON);
-\endcode
-
-For toggle and radio buttons, the value() method returns
-the current button state (0 = off, 1 = on). The set() and
-clear() methods can be used on toggle buttons to turn a
-toggle button on or off, respectively.
-Radio buttons can be turned on with the setonly()
-method; this will also turn off other radio buttons in the same
-group.
-
-\section common_text Text
-
-FLTK provides several text widgets for displaying and receiving text:
-
-\li Fl_Input - A one-line text input field.
-
-\li Fl_Output - A one-line text output field.
-
-\li Fl_Multiline_Input - A multi-line text input field.
-
-\li Fl_Multiline_Output - A multi-line text output field.
-
-\li Fl_Text_Display - A multi-line text display widget.
-
-\li Fl_Text_Editor - A multi-line text editing widget.
-
-\li Fl_Help_View - A HTML text display widget.
-
-The <tt>Fl_Output</tt> and <tt>Fl_Multiline_Output</tt>
-widgets allow the user to copy text from the output field but
-not change it.
-
-The <tt>value()</tt> method is used to get or set the
-string that is displayed:
-
-\code
-Fl_Input *input = new Fl_Input(x, y, width, height, "label");
-input->value("Now is the time for all good men...");
-\endcode
-
-The string is copied to the widget's own storage when you set
-the <tt>value()</tt> of the widget.
-
-The <tt>Fl_Text_Display</tt> and <tt>Fl_Text_Editor</tt>
-widgets use an associated <tt>Fl_Text_Buffer</tt> class for the
-value, instead of a simple string.
-
-<!-- NEED 4in -->
-
-\section common_valuators Valuators
-
-Unlike text widgets, valuators keep track of numbers instead of
-strings. FLTK provides the following valuators:
-
-\li Fl_Counter - A widget with arrow buttons that shows the current value.
-
-\li Fl_Dial - A round knob.
-
-\li Fl_Roller - An SGI-like dolly widget.
-
-\li Fl_Scrollbar - A standard scrollbar widget.
-
-\li Fl_Slider - A scrollbar with a knob.
-
-\li Fl_Value_Slider - A slider that shows the current value.
-
-\image html valuators.gif "Figure 3-2: FLTK valuator widgets"
-\image latex valuators.eps "FLTK valuator widgets" width=10cm
-The <tt>value()</tt> method gets and sets the current value
-of the widget. The <tt>minimum()</tt> and <tt>maximum()</tt>
-methods set the range of values that are reported by the
-widget.
-
-<!-- NEED 5in -->
-
-\section common_groups Groups
-
-The <tt>Fl_Group</tt> widget class is used as a general
-purpose "container" widget. Besides grouping radio
-buttons, the groups are used to encapsulate windows, tabs, and
-scrolled windows. The following group classes are available
-with FLTK:
-
-\li Fl_Double_Window - A double-buffered window on the screen.
-
-\li Fl_Gl_Window - An OpenGL window on the screen.
-
-\li Fl_Group - The base container class; can be used to group
- any widgets together.
-
-\li Fl_Pack - A collection of widgets that are packed into the group area.
-
-\li Fl_Scroll - A scrolled window area.
-
-\li Fl_Tabs - Displays child widgets as tabs.
-
-\li Fl_Tile - A tiled window area.
-
-\li Fl_Window - A window on the screen.
-
-\li Fl_Wizard - Displays one group of widgets at a time.
-
-\section common_sizeposition Setting the Size and Position of Widgets
-
-The size and position of widgets is usually set when you
-create them. You can access them with the <tt>x()</tt>,
-<tt>y()</tt>, <tt>w()</tt>, and <tt>h()</tt> methods.
-
-You can change the size and position by using the
-<tt>position()</tt>, <tt> resize()</tt>, and <tt>size()</tt>
-methods:
-
-\code
-button->position(x, y);
-group->resize(x, y, width, height);
-window->size(width, height);
-\endcode
-
-If you change a widget's size or position after it is
-displayed you will have to call <tt>redraw()</tt> on the
-widget's parent.
-
-<A NAME="colors"></A> <!-- For old HTML links only ! -->
-\section common_colors Colors
-
-FLTK stores the colors of widgets as an 32-bit unsigned
-number that is either an index into a color palette of 256
-colors or a 24-bit RGB color. The color palette is <i>not</i>
-the X or WIN32 colormap, but instead is an internal table with
-fixed contents.
-
-There are symbols for naming some of the more common colors:
-
-\li <tt>FL_BLACK</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_RED</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_GREEN</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_YELLOW</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_BLUE</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_MAGENTA</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_CYAN</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_WHITE</tt>
-
-\li FL_WHITE
-
-These symbols are the default colors for all FLTK widgets. They are
-explained in more detail in the chapter
-<A HREF="enumerations.html#colors">Enumerations</A>
-
-\li <tt>FL_FOREGROUND_COLOR</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_BACKGROUND_COLOR</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_INACTIVE_COLOR</tt>
-
-\li <tt>FL_SELECTION_COLOR</tt>
-
-RGB colors can be set using the <tt>fl_rgb_color()</tt> function:
-
-\code
-Fl_Color c = fl_rgb_color(85, 170, 255);
-\endcode
-
-The widget color is set using the <tt>color()</tt> method:
-
-\code
-button->color(FL_RED);
-\endcode
-
-Similarly, the label color is set using the <tt>labelcolor()</tt>
-method:
-
-\code
-button->labelcolor(FL_WHITE);
-\endcode
-
-<A NAME="boxtypes"></A> <!-- For old HTML links only ! -->
-\section common_boxtypes Box Types
-
-The type <tt>Fl_Boxtype</tt> stored and returned in Fl_Widget::box()
-is an enumeration defined in Enumerations.H.
-
-Figure 3-3 shows the standard box types included with FLTK.
-
-\image html boxtypes.gif "Figure 3-3: FLTK box types"
-\image latex boxtypes.eps "FLTK box types" width=12cm
-<tt>FL_NO_BOX</tt> means nothing is drawn at all, so whatever is
-already on the screen remains. The <tt>FL_..._FRAME</tt> types only
-draw their edges, leaving the interior unchanged. The blue color in
-Figure 3-3 is the area that is not drawn by the frame types.
-
-\subsection common_boxtypes Making Your Own Boxtypes
-
-You can define your own boxtypes by making a small function that draws
-the box and adding it to the table of boxtypes.
-
-<CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" CELLSPACING="0" BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
-<TR>
- <TD><B>Note:</B>
- <P>This interface has changed in FLTK 2.0!
- </TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE></CENTER>
-
-\par The Drawing Function
-
-The drawing function is passed the bounding box and background color
-for the widget:
-
-\code
-void xyz_draw(int x, int y, int w, int h, Fl_Color c) {
-...
-}
-\endcode
-
-<!-- NEED 3in -->
-
-A simple drawing function might fill a rectangle with the
-given color and then draw a black outline:
-
-\code
-void xyz_draw(int x, int y, int w, int h, Fl_Color c) {
- fl_color(c);
- fl_rectf(x, y, w, h);
- fl_color(FL_BLACK);
- fl_rect(x, y, w, h);
-}
-\endcode
-
-<A name="fl_down"></A> <!-- For old HTML links only ! -->
-\par Fl_Boxtype fl_down(Fl_Boxtype)
-
-<tt>fl_down</tt> returns the "pressed" or "down" version of a box.
-If no "down" version of a given box exists, the behavior of this function
-is undefined and some random box or frame is returned.
-See also: <A HREF="drawing.html#fl_frame">fl_frame drawing</A>.
-
-<A name="fl_frame"></A> <!-- For old HTML links only ! -->
-\par Fl_Boxtype fl_frame(Fl_Boxtype)
-
-<tt>fl_frame</tt> returns the unfilled, frame-only version of a box.
-If no frame version of a given box exists, the behavior of this function
-is undefined and some random box or frame is returned.
-See also: <A HREF="drawing.html#fl_frame">fl_frame drawing</A>.
-
-<A name="fl_box"></A> <!-- For old HTML links only ! -->
-\par Fl_Boxtype fl_box(Fl_Boxtype)
-
-<tt>fl_box</tt> returns the filled version of a frame.
-If no filled version of a given frame exists, the behavior of this function
-is undefined and some random box or frame is returned.
-See also: <tt><A HREF="#fl_frame">fl_frame</A></tt>.
-
-\par Adding Your Box Type
-
-The <tt>Fl::set_boxtype()</tt> method adds or replaces the specified box type:
-
-\code
-#define XYZ_BOX FL_FREE_BOXTYPE
-
-Fl::set_boxtype(XYZ_BOX, xyz_draw, 1, 1, 2, 2);
-\endcode
-The last 4 arguments to <tt>Fl::set_boxtype()</tt> are the
-offsets for the x, y, width, and height values that should be
-subtracted when drawing the label inside the box.
-
-A complete box design contains four box types in this order:
-a filled, neutral box (<tt>UP_BOX</tt>), a filled, depressed box
-(<tt>DOWN_BOX</tt>), and the same as outlines only (<tt>UP_FRAME</tt>
-and <tt>DOWN_FRAME</tt>). The function
-<tt><A HREF="#fl_down">fl_down(Fl_Boxtype)</A></tt>
-expects the neutral design on a boxtype with a numerical
-value evenly divideable by two.
-<tt><A HREF="#fl_frame">fl_frame(Fl_Boxtype)</A></tt>
-expects the <tt>UP_BOX</tt> design at a value divideable by four.
-
-<A NAME="labels"></A> <!-- For old HTML links only ! -->
-\section common_labels Labels and Label Types
-
-The <tt>label()</tt>, <tt>align()</tt>, <tt>labelfont()</tt>,
-<tt>labelsize()</tt>, <tt>labeltype()</tt>, <tt>image()</tt>, and
-<tt>deimage()</tt> methods control the labeling of widgets.
-
-\par label()
-
-The <tt>label()</tt> method sets the string that is displayed
-for the label. Symbols can be included with the label string by
-escaping them using the "@" symbol - "@@" displays a single at
-sign. Figure 3-4 shows the available symbols.
-
-\image html symbols.gif "Figure 3-4: FLTK label symbols"
-
-<!-- NEED 2in -->
-
-The @ sign may also be followed by the following optional
-"formatting" characters, in this order:
-
-\li '#' forces square scaling, rather than distortion to the widget's shape.
-
-\li +[1-9] or -[1-9] tweaks the scaling a little bigger or smaller.
-
-\li '$' flips the symbol horizontaly, '%' flips it verticaly.
-
-\li [0-9] - rotates by a multiple of 45 degrees. '5' and '6' do no rotation
- while the others point in the direction of that key on a numeric keypad.
- '0', followed by four more digits rotates the symbol by that amount in
- degrees.
-
-Thus, to show a very large arrow pointing downward you would use the
-label string "@+92->".
-
-\par align()
-
-The <tt>align()</tt> method positions the label. The following
-constants are defined and may be OR'd together as needed:
-
-\li <tt>FL_ALIGN_CENTER</tt> - center the label in the widget.
-
-\li <tt>FL_ALIGN_TOP</tt> - align the label at the top of the widget.
-
-\li <tt>FL_ALIGN_BOTTOM</tt> - align the label at the bottom of the
- widget.
-
-\li <tt>FL_ALIGN_LEFT</tt> - align the label to the left of the widget.
-
-\li <tt>FL_ALIGN_RIGHT</tt> - align the label to the right of the
- widget.
-
-\li <tt>FL_ALIGN_INSIDE</tt> - align the label inside the widget.
-
-\li <tt>FL_ALIGN_CLIP</tt> - clip the label to the widget's bounding
- box.
-
-\li <tt>FL_ALIGN_WRAP</tt> - wrap the label text as needed.
-
-\li <tt>FL_TEXT_OVER_IMAGE</tt> - show the label text over the image.
-
-\li <tt>FL_IMAGE_OVER_TEXT</tt> - show the label image over the text (default).
-
-<A NAME="labeltypes"></A> <!-- For old HTML links only ! -->
-\par labeltype()
-
-The <tt>labeltype()</tt> method sets the type of the label. The
-following standard label types are included:
-
-\li <tt>FL_NORMAL_LABEL</tt> - draws the text.
-
-\li <tt>FL_NO_LABEL</tt> - does nothing.
-
-\li <tt>FL_SHADOW_LABEL</tt> - draws a drop shadow under the text.
-
-\li <tt>FL_ENGRAVED_LABEL</tt> - draws edges as though the text is engraved.
-
-\li <tt>FL_EMBOSSED_LABEL</tt> - draws edges as thought the text is raised.
-
-\li <tt>FL_ICON_LABEL</tt> - draws the icon associated with the text.
-
-\par image() and deimage()
-
-The <tt>image()</tt> and <tt>deimage()</tt> methods set an image that
-will be displayed with the widget. The <tt>deimage()</tt> method sets the
-image that is shown when the widget is inactive, while the <tt>image()</tt>
-method sets the image that is shown when the widget is active.
-
-To make an image you use a subclass of
-<A HREF="drawing.html#Fl_Image"><tt>Fl_Image</tt></A>.
-
-\par Making Your Own Label Types
-
-Label types are actually indexes into a table of functions
-that draw them. The primary purpose of this is to use this to
-draw the labels in ways inaccessible through the
-<tt>fl_font</tt> mechanisim (e.g. <tt>FL_ENGRAVED_LABEL</tt>) or
-with program-generated letters or symbology.
-
-<CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" CELLSPACING="0" BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
-<TR>
- <TD><B>Note:</B>
- <P>This interface has changed in FLTK 2.0!
- </TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE></CENTER>
-
-\par Label Type Functions
-
-To setup your own label type you will need to write two
-functions: one to draw and one to measure the label. The draw
-function is called with a pointer to a <tt>Fl_Label</tt>
-structure containing the label information, the bounding box for
-the label, and the label alignment:
-
-\code
-void xyz_draw(const Fl_Label *label, int x, int y, int w, int h, Fl_Align align) {
-...
-}
-\endcode
-
-The label should be drawn <I>inside</I> this bounding box,
-even if <tt>FL_ALIGN_INSIDE</tt> is not enabled. The function
-is not called if the label value is <tt>NULL</tt>.
-
-The measure function is called with a pointer to a
-<tt>Fl_Label</tt> structure and references to the width and
-height:
-
-\code
-void xyz_measure(const Fl_Label *label, int &w, int &h) {
-...
-}
-\endcode
-
-The function should measure the size of the label and set
-<tt>w</tt> and <tt>h</tt> to the size it will occupy.
-
-\par Adding Your Label Type
-
-The <tt>Fl::set_labeltype</tt> method creates a label type
-using your draw and measure functions:
-
-\code
-#define XYZ_LABEL FL_FREE_LABELTYPE
-
-Fl::set_labeltype(XYZ_LABEL, xyz_draw, xyz_measure);
-\endcode
-
-The label type number <tt>n</tt> can be any integer value
-starting at the constant <tt>FL_FREE_LABELTYPE</tt>. Once you
-have added the label type you can use the <tt>labeltype()</tt>
-method to select your label type.
-
-The <tt>Fl::set_labeltype</tt> method can also be used to overload
-an existing label type such as <tt>FL_NORMAL_LABEL</tt>.
-
-<A NAME="add_symbol"></A> <!-- For old HTML links only ! -->
-\par Making your own symbols
-
-It is also possible to define your own drawings and add
-them to the symbol list, so they can be rendered as part of
-any label.
-
-To create a new symbol, you implement a drawing function
-<tt>void drawit(Fl_Color c)</tt> which typically uses the
-<a href="drawing.html#complex">complex drawing functions</a>
-to generate a vector shape inside a two-by-two units sized box
-around the origin. This function is then linked into the symbols
-table using <tt>fl_add_symbol</tt>:
-
-\code
-int fl_add_symbol(const char *name, void (*drawit)(Fl_Color), int scalable)
-\endcode
-
-<i>name</i> is the name of the symbol without the "@"; <i>scalable</I>
-must be set to 1 if the symbol is generated using scalable vector drawing
-functions.
-
-\code
-int fl_draw_symbol(const char *name,int x,int y,int w,int h,Fl_Color col)
-\endcode
-
-This function draws a named symbol fitting the given rectangle.
-
-\section common_callbacks Callbacks
-
-Callbacks are functions that are called when the value of a
-widget changes. A callback function is sent a <tt>Fl_Widget</tt>
-pointer of the widget that changed and a pointer to data that
-you provide:
-
-\code
-void xyz_callback(Fl_Widget *w, void *data) {
-...
-}
-\endcode
-
-The <tt>callback()</tt> method sets the callback function for a
-widget. You can optionally pass a pointer to some data needed for the
-callback:
-
-\code
-int xyz_data;
-
-button->callback(xyz_callback, &xyz_data);
-\endcode
-
-Normally callbacks are performed only when the value of the
-widget changes. You can change this using the Fl_Widget::when()
-method:
-
-\code
-button->when(FL_WHEN_NEVER);
-button->when(FL_WHEN_CHANGED);
-button->when(FL_WHEN_RELEASE);
-button->when(FL_WHEN_RELEASE_ALWAYS);
-button->when(FL_WHEN_ENTER_KEY);
-button->when(FL_WHEN_ENTER_KEY_ALWAYS);
-button->when(FL_WHEN_CHANGED | FL_WHEN_NOT_CHANGED);
-\endcode
-
-<CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" CELLSPACING="0" BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
-<TR>
- <TD><B>Note:</B>
-
- <P>You cannot delete a widget inside a callback, as the
- widget may still be accessed by FLTK after your callback
- is completed. Instead, use the Fl::delete_widget()
- method to mark your widget for deletion when it is safe
- to do so.
-
- <p><B>Hint:</B>
-
- <P>Many programmers new to FLTK or C++ try to use a
- non-static class method instead of a static class method
- or function for their callback. Since callbacks are done
- outside a C++ class, the <tt>this</tt> pointer is not
- initialized for class methods.
-
- <P>To work around this problem, define a static method
- in your class that accepts a pointer to the class, and
- then have the static method call the class method(s) as
- needed. The data pointer you provide to the
- <tt>callback()</tt> method of the widget can be a
- pointer to the instance of your class.
-
-\code
-class Foo {
- void my_callback(Fl_Widget *w);
- static void my_static_callback(Fl_Widget *w, void *f) { ((Foo *)f)->my_callback(w); }
- ...
-}
-
-...
-
-w->callback(my_static_callback, (void *)this);
-\endcode
- </TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE></CENTER>
-
-\section common_shortcuts Shortcuts
-
-Shortcuts are key sequences that activate widgets such as
-buttons or menu items. The <tt>shortcut()</tt> method sets the
-shortcut for a widget:
-
-\code
-button->shortcut(FL_Enter);
-button->shortcut(FL_SHIFT + 'b');
-button->shortcut(FL_CTRL + 'b');
-button->shortcut(FL_ALT + 'b');
-button->shortcut(FL_CTRL + FL_ALT + 'b');
-button->shortcut(0); // no shortcut
-\endcode
-
-The shortcut value is the key event value - the ASCII value
-or one of the special keys like
-<a href="enumerations.html#key_values"><tt>FL_Enter</tt></a> -
-combined with any modifiers like <KBD>Shift</KBD>,
-<KBD>Alt</KBD>, and <KBD>Control</KBD>.
-
-\htmlonly
-<hr>
-<a class="el" href="index.html">[Index]</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a class="el" href="basics.html">[Previous]&nbsp; 2 - FLTK Basics</a>&nbsp;
-<a class="el" href="editor.html">[Next]&nbsp; 4 - Designing a Simple Text Editor</a>&nbsp;
-
-\endhtmlonly
-*/